Hatshepsut
Crusader
oops 45 day
I was gonna let it slide. You can do me the same favor so
oops 45 day
I was gonna let it slide. You can do me the same favor sometime ....or all the time .
Is the heat source oil or coal?
readin,' 'ritin, and 'rithmetic, all the subjects that make me sick.'
Since they the museum has has diesel and steam engines, it's both, but all the steam engines I've seen so far, used coal.
In the US, on our steam trains that I remember from my childhood, there was always a tender car behind the locomotive carrying either coal or oil. There is a passenger car behind your locomotive. I was thinking there might be a pressurized fuel line running from a fuel tank farther back in the train cars.
MrNobody
Yes, I remembered the tenders from the old days - after I posted. From how it smelled, I would still say it's coal - diesel smells different
By Katherine Eban, contributorOctober 8, 2010: 1:42 PM ET
FORTUNE -- Few ecological disasters have been as confounding as the massive and devastating die-off of the world's honeybees. The phenomenon of Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD) -- in which disoriented honeybees die far from their hives -- has kept scientists, beekeepers, and regulators desperately seeking the cause. After all, the honeybee, nature's ultimate utility player, pollinates a third of all the food we eat and contributes an estimated $15 billion in annual agriculture revenue to the U.S. economy.
The long list of possible suspects has included pests, viruses, fungi, and also pesticides, particularly so-called neonicotinoids, a class of neurotoxins that kills insects by attacking their nervous systems. For years, their leading manufacturer, Bayer Crop Science, a subsidiary of the German pharmaceutical giant Bayer AG (BAYRY), has tangled with regulators and fended off lawsuits from angry beekeepers who allege that the pesticides have disoriented and ultimately killed their bees. The company has countered that, when used correctly, the pesticides pose little risk.
A cheer must have gone up at Bayer on Thursday when a front-page New York Times article, under the headline "Scientists and Soldiers Solve a Bee Mystery," described how a newly released study pinpoints a different cause for the die-off: "a fungus tag-teaming with a virus." The study, written in collaboration with Army scientists at the Edgewood Chemical Biological Center outside Baltimore, analyzed the proteins of afflicted bees using a new Army software system. The Bayer pesticides, however, go unmentioned.
What the Times article did not explore -- nor did the study disclose -- was the relationship between the study's lead author, Montana bee researcher Dr. Jerry Bromenshenk, and Bayer Crop Science. In recent years Bromenshenk has received a significant research grant from Bayer to study bee pollination. Indeed, before receiving the Bayer funding, Bromenshenk was lined up on the opposite side: He had signed on to serve as an expert witness for beekeepers who brought a class-action lawsuit against Bayer in 2003. He then dropped out and received the grant.
Reporter: scientist "did not volunteer" funding sources
Bromenshenk's company, Bee Alert Technology, which is developing hand-held acoustic scanners that use sound to detect various bee ailments, will profit more from a finding that disease, and not pesticides, is harming bees. Two years ago Bromenshenk acknowledged as much to me when I was reporting on the possible neonicotinoid/CCD connection for Conde Nast Portfolio magazine, which folded before I completed my reporting.
Bromenshenk defends the study and emphasized that it did not examine the impact of pesticides. "It wasn't on the table because others are funded to do that," he says, noting that no Bayer funds were used on the new study. Bromenshenk vociferously denies that receiving funding from Bayer (to study bee pollination of onions) had anything to do with his decision to withdraw from the plaintiff's side in the litigation against Bayer. "We got no money from Bayer," he says. "We did no work for Bayer; Bayer was sending us warning letters by lawyers."
A Bayer publicist reached last night said she was not authorized to comment on the topic but was trying to reach an official company spokesperson.
The Times reporter who authored the recent article, Kirk Johnson, responded in an e-mail that Dr. Bromenshenk "did not volunteer his funding sources." Johnson's e-mail notes that he found the peer-reviewed scientific paper cautious and that he "tried to convey that caution in my story." Adds Johnson: The study "doesn't say pesticides aren't a cause of the underlying vulnerability that the virus-fungus combo then exploits...."
At least one scientist questions the new study. Dr. James Frazier, professor of entomology at Penn State University, who is currently researching the sublethal impact of pesticides on bees, said that while Bromenshenk's study generated some useful data, Bromenshenk has a conflict of interest as CEO of a company developing scanners to diagnose bee diseases. "He could benefit financially from that if this thing gets popularized," Frazier says, "so it's a difficult situation to deal with." He adds that his own research has shown that pesticides affect bees "absolutely, in multiple ways."
Underlying cause of bee deaths still unclear
Dr. Jennifer Sass, a senior scientist with the health group at the Natural Resources Defense Council, says that while the Bromenshenk/Army study is interesting, it fails to ask the underlying question "Why are colonies dying? Is it because they're getting weak? People who have HIV don't die of HIV. They die of other diseases they get because their immune systems are knocked off, making them more susceptible." In other words, pesticides could weaken the bees -- and then the virus/fungus combination finishes them off. That notion, however, is not explored in the new study.
In 2008 the NRDC sued the Environmental Protection Agency after it failed to release Bayer's underlying studies on the safety of its neonicotinoids. The federal agency has since changed course, and NRDC researchers are being allowed to sift through the Bayer studies, an NRDC spokesman says.
The EPA has based its approval of neonicotinoids on the fact that the amounts found in pollen and nectar were low enough to not be lethal to the bees -- the only metric they have to measure whether to approve a pesticide or not. But studies have shown that at low doses, the neonicotinoids have sublethal effects that impair bees' learning and memory. The USDA's chief researcher, Jeff Pettis, told me in 2008 that pesticides were definitely "on the list" as a primary stressor that could make bees more vulnerable to other factors, like pests and bacteria.
In 1999, France banned Imidacloprid after the death of a third of its honeybees. A subsequent report prepared for the French agricultural ministry found that even tiny sublethal amounts could disorient bees, diminish their foraging activities, and thus endanger the entire colony. Other countries, including Italy, have banned certain neonicotinoids.
Bayer v. beekeepers
As for the Bayer-Bromenshenk connection, in 2003 a group of 13 North Dakota beekeepers brought a class-action lawsuit against Bayer, alleging that the company's neonicotinoid, Imidacloprid, which had been used in nearby fields, was responsible for the loss of more than 60% of their hives. "My bees were getting drunk," Chris Charles, a beekeeper in Carrington, N.D., and a plaintiff in the lawsuit, told me in 2008. "They couldn't walk a white line anymore -- they just hung around outside the hive. They couldn't work."
Charles and the other North Dakota beekeepers hired Bromenshenk as an expert witness. Bayer did not dispute that Imidacloprid was found among the bees and their hives. The company simply argued that the amount had not been enough to kill them.
As the North Dakota lawsuit moved forward, an expert witness for the beekeepers, Dr. Daniel Mayer, a now retired bee expert from Washington State University, traveled to 17 different bee yards in North Dakota and observed dead bees and bees in the throes of what looked like Imidacloprid poisoning, he told me in 2008. He theorized that after foraging in planted fields where the seeds had been treated with Imidacloprid, the bees then brought the pesticide back to the hive, where it built up in the wax combs.
The beekeepers tried to enlist more expert witnesses, but others declined, according to two of the beekeeper plaintiffs, in large part because they had taken research money from Bayer and did not want to testify against the company. One who agreed -- Bromenshenk -- subsequently backed out and got a research grant from Bayer. Bromenshenk insists the two actions were unrelated. "It was a personal decision," he says. "I, in good conscience, couldn't charge beekeepers for services when I couldn't help them." He adds, "Eventually, the lawyers stopped calling. I didn't quit. They just stopped calling."
In June 2008 a district court judge in Pennsylvania defanged the beekeepers' lawsuit by siding with Bayer to exclude Mayer's testimony and the initial test results from a laboratory in Jacksonville, Fla., that had found significant amounts of Imidacloprid in the honeybee samples.
That same year Bromenshenk brokered a meeting between Bayer and beekeepers. When I interviewed Bromenshenk that year, he said that increasing frustration with the accusations against Bayer, which he described as a "runaway train," led him to contact the company in an effort to create a dialogue between Bayer and the beekeepers. Because of his efforts, in November 2008, Bayer scientists sat down in Lake Tahoe, Nev., with a small group of American beekeepers to establish a dialogue. The issues discussed were "trust and transparency," Bromenshenk told me. "How did Bayer do its testing, and do we trust the results?" Generally beekeepers and scientists have been highly critical of the design of Bayer's studies and deeply suspicious over who is or isn't on Bayer's payroll.
After the meeting, Bayer tentatively agreed to appoint a beekeeper advisory board to help redesign studies so that beekeepers could trust the results. But many beekeepers see the advisory board and grant money as a ruse on Bayer's part to silence its enemies by holding them close. "They have the bee industry so un-united," says Jim Doan, once New York State's busiest beekeeper until CCD decimated his business. "Even the researchers are off working on anything but the pesticide issue."
Bromenshenk's study acknowledges that the research does not "clearly define" whether the concurrent virus and fungus, which were found in all the afflicted bee samples, is "a marker, a cause, or a consequence of CCD." It also notes uncertainty as to how, exactly, the combination kills the bees, and whether other factors like weather and bee digestion play a role. Scientists like Sass at NRDC believe the mystery is far from resolved: "We're even concerned that based on this, beekeepers will use more pesticides trying to treat these viruses," says Sass.

The subject of medicine is another example. Having traveled the world and lived in many different countries enables me to make comparisons. When one compares the practice of American medicine to that of other countries, one can observe that American medicine has been corrupted by the intention “to make money” versus the intention to heal. In England and Europe, medicine is studied and practiced with the intention to heal. If you think I am being cynical or extreme with that observation, consider the following.
In 1943, the AMA was convicted of criminal violation of U.S. anti-trust laws for its attempt to destroy an innovative and cost-cutting healthcare system in Washington D.C. It is one of a number of such convictions. In 1982, when the AMA was again found guilty of systematic violation of anti-trust laws, the U.S. Department of Justice told the Supreme Court, “The AMA’s long history of illegal behavior strongly supports the need for a remedy to reverse the effects of the restraints of trade they have imposed.” The administrative law judge who presided in the case ruled that the AMA had:
. . . served to deprive consumers of the free flow of information about the availability of healthcare services, to deter the offering of innovative forms of health care and to stifle the rise of almost every type of health care delivery that could potentially pose a threat to the income of fee-for-service physicians in private practice. The cost to the public in terms of less expensive or even, perhaps, more improved forms of medical services are great.
And on August 27, 1987, the AMA was found guilty of having entered into and carried out an illegal conspiracy, of twenty-five year’s duration, to suppress and destroy the practice of chiropractic, which the AMA considered a threat to their healing monopoly.
It is not by accident that American medicine is the most costly in the world, and often not the most efficacious. Many extremely inexpensive, clinically proven, effective remedies are available overseas that are not available to the public in America. (For the OECD analysis of U.S. healthcare expenditure versus outcomes compared to its peers, see Endnote 2.)
2According to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, comparisons of annual spending and outcomes in healthcare for the year 2004 between the United States, Canada, France, Australia and Great Britain, showed Americans are spending more than twice as much per capita than the average of the other four countries (Canada was closest to the U.S. with $3,165 compared to $6,102 with Great Britain lowest at $2,508). On the issue of outcomes for the dollars spent: life expectancy in the U.S. was lowest with an average more than two-years shorter (2.32 years) than its peers; and in terms of infant mortality per 1,000 births, the U.S. was highest at a rate 45.26 percent above the average of its peers (U.S. 6.9 versus an average of 4.75 for the other four countries with Canada closest at 5.3).
Somewhere on ESMB in the last week, someone posted a news report that the "answer" has been found for the honey bee Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD).
Here's the rest of the info . . . . as one of my pundits put it: if this thing is not fixed, the real luxury item, affordable only by the wealthy, will be food!
This report on: http://money.cnn.com/2010/10/08/news/honey_bees_ny_times.fortune/index.htm as extracted from Fortune Magazine.
Having raised a few kids and paid for their college, here’s my 2 cents.
Sometimes a big panic sets in after graduation. Sometimes there is a sudden realization that what they Majored in actually is not what they really are interested in. Sometimes the Major (such as Biology) was done with a plan that they were going to be a teacher and now that the kid is older, they realize they actually don’t want to be a teacher. I’ve seen a lot of “growing up” happen in the last 18 months of college.
Skills and attribute assessment is very important. What do I actually know how to do? What do I like doing? What am I good at? What do others think I’m good at?
I’ve had one kid graduate and not be certain if they wanted to go for a Masters, which would be very important for future job prospects in subject they majored in. The “assessment” was to go to work for a few years to earn some dough at a food server job, which led to an office job, to live while they decided whether or not to go to grad school. This one had time (4 years) to "mature" artistically and refine their portfolio, then went back to school and got a Masters in their undergraduate Major (Fine Arts-Painting and Sculpture) at a top school and they’ve got a good career going because they not only have a Masters but they had the time to figure out what they really wanted and then sacrifice and go for it without second guessing themselves.
I’ve had another that wanted to be a teacher, graduate with a double Major in English and History and then decide they don’t want to teach and go into a real panic. They spoke French, liked to travel and liked being with people so the “assessment” was to get a job as a Flight Attendant and get some “Living as an Adult in the World” under their belt. They were on flights in and out of DC and NYC and got to be friends with a number of big time journalists. It took nearly 6 years for the “process” to come to fruition but this one is now in one of the top MA-Journalism Schools in the US and is really doing well and is thrilled with their life and has a job waiting upon Graduation.
Another one wanted to be a Theater Arts teacher up until their Senior year, then decided they didn’t want to teach and Graduated with a degree they didn’t know what to do with. The “Assessment” was to use the communication skills from Theater Arts and get a job in merchandising. That led to several years of frustration, but experience that was ‘real World”. The company was sold, the job went away and a year of “Temp Agency” ensued. On day there was a temp assignment as a teacher’s aide at a school for the deaf and blind. 3 months later they were “hooked”, offered a permanent teachers aide position and was told that they were “a natural”. The education in Communications and Theater became a plus. 6 months later they were asked to apply for a Masters Certificate Fast Track program and were one of 2 selected out of 300 statewide applicants. Now, a few years later this one is now a Certified Specialist in Special Education for Deaf and Blind, teaches her students by signing into their hands, has been promoted a Department head and LOVES what they do.
Kid number 4 was a double Major, with one of them a foreign language and culture, thought they wanted to teach, didn’t like it, spent several years in the “assessment” process, and is now in Grad School towards the end result of getting in the Foreign Service.
My advice is:
Don’t Panic! Do an “assessment” and proceed. Do something…whether it’s temp work, food service, office clerical, substitute teaching, whatever. Get out there, be willing to work and take pride in what you do whatever it is Most College Grads have a lot of education and very little “real world” or “Living as an Adult” experience. Your time is not “wasted” be doing any job; your time is wasted by “waiting”. You’re too young to squander these wonderful years of youth by running around in a panic or immobilized by being “above” earning an honest wage for an honest days work.
The College Graduate has proven that they can work to learn and well know how to learn; the "Market Place" now wants to know if you know how to work and can learn to do the job well.
Hope this Helps.
Face
That needs to be publicized. I haven't seen anything relating to this in the New York Times
):October 6, 2010
Scientists and Soldiers Solve a Bee Mystery
By KIRK JOHNSON
DENVER — It has been one of the great murder mysteries of the garden: what is killing off the honeybees?
Since 2006, 20 to 40 percent of the bee colonies in the United States alone have suffered “colony collapse.” Suspected culprits ranged from pesticides to genetically modified food.
Now, a unique partnership — of military scientists and entomologists — appears to have achieved a major breakthrough: identifying a new suspect, or two.
A fungus tag-teaming with a virus have apparently interacted to cause the problem, according to a paper by Army scientists in Maryland and bee experts in Montana in the online science journal PLoS One.
Exactly how that combination kills bees remains uncertain, the scientists said — a subject for the next round of research. But there are solid clues: both the virus and the fungus proliferate in cool, damp weather, and both do their dirty work in the bee gut, suggesting that insect nutrition is somehow compromised.
Liaisons between the military and academia are nothing new, of course. World War II, perhaps the most profound example, ended in an atomic strike on Japan in 1945 largely on the shoulders of scientist-soldiers in the Manhattan Project. And a group of scientists led by Jerry Bromenshenk of the University of Montana in Missoula has researched bee-related applications for the military in the past — developing, for example, a way to use honeybees in detecting land mines.
But researchers on both sides say that colony collapse may be the first time that the defense machinery of the post-Sept. 11 Homeland Security Department and academia have teamed up to address a problem that both sides say they might never have solved on their own.
“Together we could look at things nobody else was looking at,” said Colin Henderson, an associate professor at the University of Montana’s College of Technology and a member of Dr. Bromenshenk’s “Bee Alert” team.
Human nature and bee nature were interconnected in how the puzzle pieces came together. Two brothers helped foster communication across disciplines. A chance meeting and a saved business card proved pivotal. Even learning how to mash dead bees for analysis — a skill not taught at West Point — became a factor.
One perverse twist of colony collapse that has compounded the difficulty of solving it is that the bees do not just die — they fly off in every direction from the hive, then die alone and dispersed. That makes large numbers of bee autopsies — and yes, entomologists actually do those — problematic.
Dr. Bromenshenk’s team at the University of Montana and Montana State University in Bozeman, working with the Army’s Edgewood Chemical Biological Center northeast of Baltimore, said in their jointly written paper that the virus-fungus one-two punch was found in every killed colony the group studied. Neither agent alone seems able to devastate; together, the research suggests, they are 100 percent fatal.
“It’s chicken and egg in a sense — we don’t know which came first,” Dr. Bromenshenk said of the virus-fungus combo — nor is it clear, he added, whether one malady weakens the bees enough to be finished off by the second, or whether they somehow compound the other’s destructive power. “They’re co-factors, that’s all we can say at the moment,” he said. “They’re both present in all these collapsed colonies.”
Research at the University of California, San Francisco, had already identified the fungus as part of the problem. And several RNA-based viruses had been detected as well. But the Army/Montana team, using a new software system developed by the military for analyzing proteins, uncovered a new DNA-based virus, and established a linkage to the fungus, called N. ceranae.
“Our mission is to have detection capability to protect the people in the field from anything biological,” said Charles H. Wick, a microbiologist at Edgewood. Bees, Dr. Wick said, proved to be a perfect opportunity to see what the Army’s analytic software tool could do. “We brought it to bear on this bee question, which is how we field-tested it,” he said.
The Army software system — an advance itself in the growing field of protein research, or proteomics — is designed to test and identify biological agents in circumstances where commanders might have no idea what sort of threat they face. The system searches out the unique proteins in a sample, then identifies a virus or other microscopic life form based on the proteins it is known to contain. The power of that idea in military or bee defense is immense, researchers say, in that it allows them to use what they already know to find something they did not even know they were looking for.
But it took a family connection — through David Wick, Charles’s brother — to really connect the dots. When colony collapse became news a few years ago, Mr. Wick, a tech entrepreneur who moved to Montana in the 1990s for the outdoor lifestyle, saw a television interview with Dr. Bromenshenk about bees.
Mr. Wick knew of his brother’s work in Maryland, and remembered meeting Dr. Bromenshenk at a business conference. A retained business card and a telephone call put the Army and the Bee Alert team buzzing around the same blossom.
The first steps were awkward, partly because the Army lab was not used to testing bees, or more specifically, to extracting bee proteins. “I’m guessing it was January 2007, a meeting in Bethesda, we got a bag of bees and just started smashing them on the desk,” Charles Wick said. “It was very complicated.”
The process eventually was refined. A mortar and pestle worked better than the desktop, and a coffee grinder worked best of all for making good bee paste.
Scientists in the project emphasize that their conclusions are not the final word. The pattern, they say, seems clear, but more research is needed to determine, for example, how further outbreaks might be prevented, and how much environmental factors like heat, cold or drought might play a role.
They said that combination attacks in nature, like the virus and fungus involved in bee deaths, are quite common, and that one answer in protecting bee colonies might be to focus on the fungus — controllable with antifungal agents — especially when the virus is detected.
Still unsolved is what makes the bees fly off into the wild yonder at the point of death. One theory, Dr. Bromenshenk said, is that the viral-fungal combination disrupts memory or navigating skills and the bees simply get lost. Another possibility, he said, is a kind of insect insanity.
In any event, the university’s bee operation itself proved vulnerable just last year, when nearly every bee disappeared over the course of the winter.
Having worked in the career search industry I do have some experience in this matter. What you write, Facey, is right on target. Right on. People need real-world experience. Without that there isn't much to bring to market, especially these days when "everyone" has a college degree.
If anyone would like to rescue a trainwreck, Mike Hunsaker, who runs and ran freezoneamerica for the last decade. He is at
Aneth Lodge is:
645 E. Main, Cortez, CO 81321
970-565-3453
His cell phone is (307) 679-8158
His wife kicked him out. He is drinking himself to death. He is a 2nd time around Scientologist. I *think* his troubles lie in GPM research in the early 1960s. Until the source of his aberration is found, that is only a working guess.
He has a place to go to, that I arranged , in Pomona. I don't think he's going to get there unless someone (read fool with rose colored glasses) in some nearby area goes and 8Cs him into moving on with his life. I can't do it by phone.
Please pass this on over the internet, maybe, just maybe, someone has the time to shepherd a fallen angel to a safe pasture.