Now , to be clear I do not agree with Bernays on a great many things but show his ideas as an example of an influential and widely used text - even today .
I do not consider his idea of covertly manipulating populations as ethical and it prompts dishonesty and misinformation and distraction and crushing subjects like critical thinking - making a population idiots and in future generations you will need bright capable people for many , many things if your country or people are to survive .
Really the ideas in Propaganda go back at least to Plato and the Philosopher King concept .
Some quotes from Wikipedia :
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Plato defined a philosopher firstly as its eponymous occupation – wisdom-lover.
He then distinguishes between one who loves true knowledge as opposed to simple sights or education by saying that the philosopher is the only person who has access to
ideas – the archetypal entities that exist behind all representations of the form (such as Beauty itself as opposed to any one
particular instance of beauty).
It is next and in support of the idea that philosophers are the best rulers that Plato fashions the
ship of state metaphor, one of his most often cited ideas (along with his
allegory of the cave). "[A] true pilot must of necessity pay attention to the seasons, the heavens, the stars, the winds, and everything proper to the craft if he is really to rule a ship" (
The Republic, 6.488d).
Karl Popper blamed Plato for the rise of
totalitarianism in the 20th century, seeing Plato's philosopher kings, with their dreams of 'social engineering' and 'idealism', as leading directly to
Joseph Stalin and
Adolf Hitler (via
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel and
Karl Marx).[SUP]
[/SUP] In addition,
Ayatollah Khomeini is said to have been inspired by the Platonic vision of the philosopher king while in
Qum in the 1920s when he became interested in
Islamic mysticism and
Plato's Republic. As such, it has been speculated that he was inspired by Plato's philosopher king, and subsequently based elements of his
Islamic Republic on it.
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See , he had a version of a very old idea that kings are better suited to be in total power as through education they rise above " the common herd " and can gain wisdom and sophistication needed to really understand and make logical decisions and not be ruled by emotion .
His idea - certainly not mine .
I favor education on rhetoric , logical fallacies , critical thinking and skepticism for the ENTIRE population .
Not to mention to prevent the Scientologys of the world from happening - it would have no chance with a well prepared general populace as they would quickly DEMAND it be labeled a menace and shut down .
Unfortunately the critical thinkers and folks even slightly educated in manipulation are possibly five per cent or less of the population .
Whether by accident or design we stays nice and dumb - this includes me as I was fooled for twenty five years by an idiotic madman .
So back to DBs point - rhetoric is used constantly on a largely unprepared populace - watch Fox news and get a chart of fallacies :
https://yourlogicalfallacyis.com/
I have it at home and study it often .
And take a drink every time a fallacy is used - you should be dead before morning !
You can use it on CNN , local news etc.
You can take it and read a newspaper article and compare .
You can just listen to people talk and SEE them often unknowingly use them .
The key is watching someone who KNOWS they are using them like DM or a president ( their speeches are all almost pure rhetoric ) .
Now this does not prove presidents are evil - that is a jump - and analyzing a lot more would be a fair way to try to prove or disprove that .
Lots of politicians use rhetoric and many liberals complain that people in many red states vote against their own economic interests as rhetoric is used to emotionally persuade them on hot button ( emotionally charged ) issues like gay marriage and minorities and gay rights to vote for candidates who support lower wages , tax breaks for rich ( really both parties do now ) , corporations having more power ,endless war ( again both parties ) , and against their own best interests .
As long as most Americans see politics as a confused indecipherable pile of lies and are inert - the ruling class remains unopposed in any meaningful way .
This does not require a conspiracy - just many selfish short-sighted actions by billionaire capitalists and corporations that cumulatively fuck the country and world .
It also does not disprove any conspiracy either .
As for individuals with one another - the gap in knowledge is important and the establishment of authority is as well - we all know trust lost is rarely regained .
That is key , here are two quotes to show the importance of persuasion and what knocks it out :
"In looking for people to hire, you look for three qualities: integrity, intelligence, and energy. And if they don't have the first, the other two will kill you."
— Warren Buffet
CEO, Berkshire Hathaway
"To be persuasive we must be believable; to be believable we must be credible; credible we must be truthful."
— Edward R. Murrow