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Crusader
Re: The old days - Aboard the Apollo - 1973
The USA gave equal rights to all people regardless of race, creed or color. The Jews benefitted greatly from this in America. Of their tiny 18 million adherents worldwide, about 1/3 ended up in the USA before WWII. After WWII, about 1/2 if world Jewry lived in the USA. Jews considered themselves Americans. Growing up, I heard the question posed by Jewish Rabbi's and leaders as to where an American Jew's allegiance would lie if the USA and Israel declared hostilities. All American Jews answered the same way. They would fight for America because they were loyal American citizens but in their hearts, they would be rooting for Israel.
England peaked at about 1/2 million Jews in a country of 50 million (about 1%). I do not know where their allegiances might have lied had a fight broken out between the England and a Jewish nation. I have a hunch that Jews may not have been able to swear allegiance to England over that of the Jewish state because England was a monarchy and that would be placing loyalty to a King or Queen ahead of God. I just don't know enough about British history to comment whether British Jews would have fought for England but in their hearts would have rooted for Israel. Maybe you could comment on that Rog.
BTW, there were two other places that I am aware of which welcomed Jews and bestowed some rights upon them. One of those was Frankfurt am Main in Hesse. I visited their Jewish museum in 2009 and spent about 5 hours there. During the Renaissance, a Jewish community flourished in Frankfurt and that community survived all the way up until the 1930's when the Nazi's kicked out the Jews. The actual Jewish Quarter or Ghetto was physically destroyed in 1943 in a bombing raid.
Also, during the Spanish Inquisition, when Jews were either converted to Christianity, or expelled or killed, many Jews found Holland to be a safe haven for them. They received good treatment there and many of the freedoms given to others were also available to the Jews. A large Jewish community adopted Holland as a safe haven for several hundered years.
Still, be it Spain, be it Hesse, be it Holland, I believe that a Jew was never able to consider himself or herself a Spaniard, a Hessian or a Dutchman; rather, they had to consider themselves a Jew first and then consider that they were residing in a safe haven type of country. As I said above, I don't know if this is the case or not in England. If a Jew considered himself an Englishman of Jewish extraction, then my last post was in error on the point of the USA being the first country since 70 AD to grant Jews full rights as citizens. That distinction would have to go to England.
Lakey
The USA gave equal rights to all people regardless of race, creed or color. The Jews benefitted greatly from this in America. Of their tiny 18 million adherents worldwide, about 1/3 ended up in the USA before WWII. After WWII, about 1/2 if world Jewry lived in the USA. Jews considered themselves Americans. Growing up, I heard the question posed by Jewish Rabbi's and leaders as to where an American Jew's allegiance would lie if the USA and Israel declared hostilities. All American Jews answered the same way. They would fight for America because they were loyal American citizens but in their hearts, they would be rooting for Israel.
England peaked at about 1/2 million Jews in a country of 50 million (about 1%). I do not know where their allegiances might have lied had a fight broken out between the England and a Jewish nation. I have a hunch that Jews may not have been able to swear allegiance to England over that of the Jewish state because England was a monarchy and that would be placing loyalty to a King or Queen ahead of God. I just don't know enough about British history to comment whether British Jews would have fought for England but in their hearts would have rooted for Israel. Maybe you could comment on that Rog.
BTW, there were two other places that I am aware of which welcomed Jews and bestowed some rights upon them. One of those was Frankfurt am Main in Hesse. I visited their Jewish museum in 2009 and spent about 5 hours there. During the Renaissance, a Jewish community flourished in Frankfurt and that community survived all the way up until the 1930's when the Nazi's kicked out the Jews. The actual Jewish Quarter or Ghetto was physically destroyed in 1943 in a bombing raid.
Also, during the Spanish Inquisition, when Jews were either converted to Christianity, or expelled or killed, many Jews found Holland to be a safe haven for them. They received good treatment there and many of the freedoms given to others were also available to the Jews. A large Jewish community adopted Holland as a safe haven for several hundered years.
Still, be it Spain, be it Hesse, be it Holland, I believe that a Jew was never able to consider himself or herself a Spaniard, a Hessian or a Dutchman; rather, they had to consider themselves a Jew first and then consider that they were residing in a safe haven type of country. As I said above, I don't know if this is the case or not in England. If a Jew considered himself an Englishman of Jewish extraction, then my last post was in error on the point of the USA being the first country since 70 AD to grant Jews full rights as citizens. That distinction would have to go to England.
Lakey
Had a demo of this meter which was quite sophisticated. There were 3 or 4 different dial displays, the usual bells and whistles of FZ meters, and then some I believe, and a place to display the C/S for the session. This was called the " Theta- Meter".
you mixed up my and Mary's stories, but it's OK - I don't mind sharing the spotlight with Mary. Her story was re her husband Artie locked in the broom closet at Saint Hill while she was at AO in Scotland, where she ended up doing Review auditing, and mine was 7 days without sleep, stapling carpet squares all night while all day, being the Public Officer at AO Scotland, and going super OT, and then going on the Fly To Freedom Lecture Tour to the East Coast of the USA; 15 lectures resulting in us bringing back a planeload of folks but only I and 11 others got through and up to the AO Scotland, since the ban on Scientology had just happened. From there, I was the spokesperson for our group of Americans, from which the newspaper article and thus photo for my avatar originated, and all of us Americans went to set up the AO in Los Angeles, at which point I became the Review auditor. 