Student of Trinity
Silver Meritorious Patron
Re: The old days - Aboard the Apollo - 1973
I can't imagine any test that could falsify the existence of God. But I think the non-existence of God is equally untestable and unfalsifiable.
I'd say that the non-existence of moderately super-human beings is in principle falsifiable. If enough people saw Superman fly around the world, and met him in person, then the alternative hypothesis of hallucination would eventually have to account for so much mass delusion that it would be much less plausible than the existence of a super-powered Kryptonian among us.
The non-existence of a being like Star Trek's 'Q' would be harder to disprove. That is, it's very hard to prove that a being really has that much power, because it's hard to imagine any possible human experience for which delusion would be a far less plausible explanation than the existence of a being that can juggle galaxies. I mean, which is more parsimonious: one guy (namely me) is deluded, or that snarky guy over there can control vast amounts of space and time?
The non-existence of a monotheist's God would be even harder to disprove, inasmuch as the concept of God is the concept of a being infinitely more powerful even than Q.
This means that it is easier to test the proposition "no superhuman beings exist" than to test the proposition "God does not exist". So if what you want is to support the non-existence of God, but also obey the supposed scientific principle of falsifiability, then your best bet would seem to be to adopt a stronger belief than atheism, and deny the existence of sufficiently superhuman beings. This would mean that your belief becomes more scientifically respectable (because it is falsifiable) precisely by becoming less likely to be true (because the non-existence of a larger class of beings cannot be more probable than the non-existence of a smaller class).
As a matter of fact, I'd say it's pretty doubtful that no superhuman beings exist. The universe is billions of years old, and very big. There are probably some pretty amazing entities out there somewhere. There might not really be any Q's, but there might well be some beings mighty enough that no human could appreciate their true power. So once atheism is extended into nonexistence of a large enough class of superhuman beings to be falsifiable, it also becomes a pretty debatable matter of opinion.
If you think that 'more falsifiable' means 'more scientific' and therefore 'more reliably true', then this seems like a paradox. It's not really a paradox, though, because falsifiability is just not about being surer of being true — and being more scientific is not about that, either. That's the whole point of Popper's analysis of science as being about falsifiability: falsifiability is what science has instead of certainty. If what you want is epistemological high ground, science is the wrong place.
Of course I don't mean to imply that atheists have some kind of obligation to deny Superman, or even to deny the existence of Q, for that matter. I'm just saying that pointing out that theism is unfalsifiable is not a sensible argument against theism. All sufficiently big propositions are unprovable and unfalsifiable. So, necessarily, are their converses. Falsifiability is a nice feature when you can have it, but it is not a form of evidence. It's a different criterion.
I can't imagine any test that could falsify the existence of God. But I think the non-existence of God is equally untestable and unfalsifiable.
I'd say that the non-existence of moderately super-human beings is in principle falsifiable. If enough people saw Superman fly around the world, and met him in person, then the alternative hypothesis of hallucination would eventually have to account for so much mass delusion that it would be much less plausible than the existence of a super-powered Kryptonian among us.
The non-existence of a being like Star Trek's 'Q' would be harder to disprove. That is, it's very hard to prove that a being really has that much power, because it's hard to imagine any possible human experience for which delusion would be a far less plausible explanation than the existence of a being that can juggle galaxies. I mean, which is more parsimonious: one guy (namely me) is deluded, or that snarky guy over there can control vast amounts of space and time?
The non-existence of a monotheist's God would be even harder to disprove, inasmuch as the concept of God is the concept of a being infinitely more powerful even than Q.
This means that it is easier to test the proposition "no superhuman beings exist" than to test the proposition "God does not exist". So if what you want is to support the non-existence of God, but also obey the supposed scientific principle of falsifiability, then your best bet would seem to be to adopt a stronger belief than atheism, and deny the existence of sufficiently superhuman beings. This would mean that your belief becomes more scientifically respectable (because it is falsifiable) precisely by becoming less likely to be true (because the non-existence of a larger class of beings cannot be more probable than the non-existence of a smaller class).
As a matter of fact, I'd say it's pretty doubtful that no superhuman beings exist. The universe is billions of years old, and very big. There are probably some pretty amazing entities out there somewhere. There might not really be any Q's, but there might well be some beings mighty enough that no human could appreciate their true power. So once atheism is extended into nonexistence of a large enough class of superhuman beings to be falsifiable, it also becomes a pretty debatable matter of opinion.
If you think that 'more falsifiable' means 'more scientific' and therefore 'more reliably true', then this seems like a paradox. It's not really a paradox, though, because falsifiability is just not about being surer of being true — and being more scientific is not about that, either. That's the whole point of Popper's analysis of science as being about falsifiability: falsifiability is what science has instead of certainty. If what you want is epistemological high ground, science is the wrong place.
Of course I don't mean to imply that atheists have some kind of obligation to deny Superman, or even to deny the existence of Q, for that matter. I'm just saying that pointing out that theism is unfalsifiable is not a sensible argument against theism. All sufficiently big propositions are unprovable and unfalsifiable. So, necessarily, are their converses. Falsifiability is a nice feature when you can have it, but it is not a form of evidence. It's a different criterion.
